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About the Department

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The Department of English was established in 2019 under the School of Languages Literature and Culture

MA English was formerly a part of Centre for Classical and Modern Languages (2015-17) and Department of Languages and Comparative Literature (2017-19).

The Department of English is a diverse and supportive teaching and research department, committed to questioning and reformulating the basic principles of literary, linguistic, and cultural studies, and promoting the pursuit of academic excellence through transmission, transaction, and transformation of knowledge. Our focus remains on a variety of subject areas and we consistently work towards producing disciplinary and interdisciplinary research of vital significance. 

We offer MA and PhD programmes for which our thrust areas of research are film studies, applied language studies, American literature, postcolonial studies, cultural studies, and feminism. Admission for MA is through a demanding Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET) conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA). 

Vision

  • Promotion and dissemination of interdisciplinary studies in the traditional and emerging areas of literary, linguistics, cultural and critical studies.
  • Inculcation of skills for aesthetic appreciation of creative processes and pragmatic practices, as well for theoretical understanding of texts through research-based learning and creation of knowledge.

Mission

  • To engage learners with representative literary and cultural texts within a variety of aesthetic, historical, geographical, and cultural contexts. 
  • To train students in the application of theoretical approaches to the reading and analysis of literary and cultural texts to understand the way in which ideas, values, and themes inform and impact culture and society, now, in the past as well as in the future.  
  • To generate capacity building in ethically gathering, understanding, evaluating and synthesizing knowledge from a variety of written and electronic sources and eventually strive to publish their work in established journals.

Faculty

  1. Dr. Alpna Saini, Professor
    Profile     Publications
  2. Dr. Shahila Zafar, Professor 
    Profile     Publications
  3. Dr. Vipan Pal Singh, Associate Professor and HoD
    Profile     Publications
  4. Dr. Dinesh Babu P., Assistant Professor
    Profile     Publications
  5. Dr. Prithvi Raj, Assistant Professor
    Profile     Publications
  6. Dr. Rohit Yadav, Assistant Professor
    Profile     Publications
  7. Dr. Narinder Kumar Sharma, Assistant Professor
    Profile     Publications
  8. Dr. Osheen Sharma, Assistant Professor (C)
    Profile     Publications

Academic Programmes

  • 2023-25
    • M.A English
    • Ph.D English
  • 2022-24
    • M.A English
    • Ph.D English

Syllabi

Research Thurst Area

Facilities

The department has Wifi-enabled smart classrooms, a fully-equipped Language Lab, a collection of the latest books and journals in the library, and access to various related e-content.

Language Lab

             

Facilities in the Lab:

Desktop computers with 30+1 user licence of Clarity SNET class software for digital class management, with additional modules on: Soft Skills & Personality Development

Open-source software available in the language lab:

Language and Linguistics Tools:

  • GIST Linguistic Translator Workbench
  • CDAC Unicode Typing Tool
  • CDAC Intelligent Script Manager for Indian Languages
  • Praat: Phonetic Analysis

Writing/Word Processing Tools:

  • Akhar: Unicode based Indic Word Processor
  • Apache Open Office
  • Libre Office Research

Resources/E-Book Management:

  • Calibre
  • Zotero
  • Voice Recording/Photo Editing Tools:
  • Audacity
  • GIMP

 

 

E-Content

Individual faculty members have been disseminating e-contents, carrying out assessments, class discussions as well as student presentations for all courses offered at the department through Google Classroom, Edmodo, Nearpod, Padlet, and various other digital tools. Blended learning methods, as well as flipped classroom modes, have been successfully adopted in tune with the changing times.

 https://sites.google.com/site/communicationskillscup/

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTczODEyODQ4MDJa

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTczODEyODQ4MDJa

https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NDI3ODE2MTkxMzg0 

https://classroom.google.com/u/0/c/MTY1MTc0NzAwOTA1

 

Placement

Publishing, and journalism as content writers, editors, assistant professors, school teachers, and research associates. Our curriculum is designed to prepare students for successful careers in these professions and more.

 

Register No.

Name

Academic Year

Job

Institution

MPH-PHD/SLLC/ CPL/2013-2014/10

Sartaj Ahmed

2013-2021

Assistant Professor

TIET, Patiala

MPH-PHD/ SLLC/ CPL/2013-2014/22

Geetika Garg

2013-2022

English Teacher

Government of Pubjab

16maengs09

Susmita Mohanta

2016-2018

Assistant Professor

 

16maengs03

Padma Kalyani Mohapatra

2016-2018

Senior Editor

Packt Publishing, Mumbai

17maengs08

Dhanish Asim

2017-2019

Subject Teacher

Ministry of Education, Maldives

18maengs18

Simranpreet Kaur

2018-20

Assistant Professor

Baba Farid group of institutions

18maengs14

Lukesh Kalita

2018-20

Subject Teacher

Shan Academy, Sontoli, Assam

19maengs18

Siddhu T.V

2019-21

English Teacher

AGS Group of Schools, Melmaruvathur

19maengs05

Raghav Baraily

2019-21

Assistant Professor (Contractual)

Silapathar College, Assam

Student Corner


Masters Project/ Dissertation Details

List of Students Batch 2022-24
S. No Registration No. Name
1 22maengs03 ANJALEENA BIJU
2 22maengs04 SHREYA PURI
3 22maengs05 TATTWAMASI SINGH
4 22maengs06 ABHISEK BISWAL
5 22maengs07 YALLAPPA M ADAKAVU
6 22maengs08 AARDRA A CHANDRAN
7 22maengs09 KAVYA K
8 22maengs11 MAHAK BISWAS
9 22maengs12 KLENGSON RONGHANG
10 22maengs13 DIMI GAONKHOWA
11 22maengs15 AKSHARA C
12 22maengs16 Israr UL HAQ
13 22maengs18 RISHIKA SARKAR
14 22maengs19 ASWIN M
15 22maengs20 NIDHI MISHRA
16 22maengs21 CHITHRANGADHA K P
17 22maengs25 Kirti Ranjan
18 22maengs26 SRIJA MONDAL
19 22maengs27 MADHU KUMARI
20 22maengs28 V C ASHIND
21 22maengs29 NARENDRA KHILAR
22 22maengs30 OMMKAR PRIYADARSHI
23 22maengs31 Nandana T. V.
24 22maengs32 HARIPRIYA J S
25 22maengs33 B DEVENDHU
26 22maengs34 Nived P
27 22maengs35 LUBABA K
28 22maengs36 Shikhar Mishra
29 22maengs38 Shivam tiwari
30 22maengs39 Anwesha Panda
31 22maengs40 Khurshid Alam
32 22maengs41 Supriya Neog
33 22maengs42 WEBETEU WEZAH
34 22maengs43 Sanu Thapliyal
35 22maengs44 Dilwar Labeeb K A
36 22maengs45 Apurva

Students who qualified NET or GATE in English 

Sr. No. Reg. No. Name of the Student Competitive Exam
1 16maengs01 Vinoy K V - GATE
2 16maengs11 Rakhi Krishna S NET GATE
3 17maengs02 Vrindha PJ NET -
4 17maengs04 Anagha Adipparuthiyil NET GATE
5 17maengs05 Anaswara Divakaran NET -
7 17maengs10 Kishan Lal NET -
8 17maengs13 Suchismita Sur - GATE
6 17maengs21 Pallabita NET-JRF -
9 18maengs02 Yasir Ahmed NET GATE
10 18maengs04 Rahul Soni S. NET-JRF -
11 18maengs06 Don Joseph NET-JRF -
12 18maengs10 Savan Kumar NET -
13 18maengs12 Gurjeet Singh NET-JRF -
14 18maengs22 Rahul Doley NET -
15 19maengs04 S. Shilpa NET -
16 19maengs07 Aiswarya Suresh Kumar NET -
17 19maengs09 Beauty NET -
18 19maengs16 Gokul Biju NET -
19 19maengs19 Prabhjapan Kaur NET GATE
20 19maengs20 Jahnu Deori NET-JRF -

National Competitive Examinations:

Years No. of Students per batch No. of students clearing UGC- NET % of students clearing UGC- NET
2016-17 10 01 10
2017-18 16 06 37.5
2018-19 20 06 30
2019-20 23 06 26

Average % of Students successful in UGC NET= 26 %

List of PhD Research Scholars:

Name Batch Integrated/ Stand alone Supervisor Financial assistance from Topic
Geetika Garg 2016-21 MPhil- PhD Int. Dr. Shahila Zafar CUP, Bathinda Completed in 2021
Sartaj Ahmad Lone 2016-20 MPhil- PhD Int. Dr. Shahila Zafar CUP, Bathinda Completed in 2020
Neha Sharma 2016- MPhil- PhD Int. Dr. Dinesh Babu P. CUP, Bathinda Presubmission due
Kavita Dhillon 2016- MPhil- PhD Int. Dr. Dinesh Babu P. CUP, Bathinda Presubmission due
Smriti Thakur 2016- MPhil- PhD Int. Dr. Dinesh Babu P. CUP, Bathinda Presubmission due
Lakshmi G. Reghunath 2020- Standalone Dr. Shahila Zafar UGC-NET JRF Synopsis approved
Anusha Hegde 2020- Standalone Dr. Shahila Zafar UGC-NET JRF Synopsis approved
Bageshwari Bageshar 2020- Standalone Dr. Shahila Zafar UGC-NET JRF Synopsis approved
Don Joseph 2020- standalone Dr. Alpna Saini UGC-NET JRF Synopsis approved
Suraj Soni 2020- Standalone Dr Vipan Pal Singh UGC-NET JRF Synopsis approved
Ankit Sharma 2020- Standalone Dr Vipan Pal Singh UGC-NET JRF Synopsis submitted
Gurjeet Singh 2020- Standalone Dr Vipan Pal Singh UGC-NET JRF Course work

List of MA English students: 

Batch 2021-23
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 21maengs01 Shifa P
2 21maengs02 Goutham KG
3 21maengs03 Ganga Balraj
4 21maengs04 Medlina Jolish
5 21maengs05 Athira K
6 21maengs06 Pooja Parvathy O
7 21maengs08 Kavya Ajith
8 21maengs10 Anjul Gagrai
9 21maengs14 Vishnu Vijayan
10 21maengs15 Abhiram Krishna
11 21maengs16 Rishabh Malik
12 21maengs17 Meera Rajendran
13 21maengs19 Betsy Kuriakose
14 21maengs20 Niha Jafar CC
15 21maengs21 Musfira K
16 21maengs23 Salva M
17 21maengs28 Ayushi
18 21maengs29 Rinsha VP
19 21maengs31 Sujata Virendra Tidke
20 21maengs32 Chandana Vavachan
21 21maengs33 Hijaz Salim PK
22 21maengs35 Krishnan AS
23 21maengs36 Akhila K
24 21maengs37 Yazhini Shanmugam
Batch 2020-22
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 20maengs01 Alen Rose
2 20maengs02 Treesa John
3 20maengs03 Mohammed Muneer C
4 20maengs04 Vaidehi Rajagopalan
5 20maengs05 Shruti Shreya
6 20maengs06 Sachin Rusetra
7 20maengs07 Muhammed Subair V
8 20maengs08 Navita Baraik
9 20maengs09 Radhika N
10 20maengs10 Robin Singh
11 20maengs11 Zaffar Iqbal
12 20maengs12 Thamanna Sunil S
13 20maengs13 Sweta S Kumar
14 20maengs14 Subhechha Soumyadarsini Das
15 20maengs16 Alakananda P K
16 20maengs17 Amisha Arora
17 20maengs18 Salim Ali U
18 20maengs20 Sajeet Mathai
19 20maengs21 Jasna Mol VP
20 20maengs22 Jyoti Chauhan
21 20maengs23 K N Anjana
22 20maengs24 Longkumar Tisso
23 20maengs25 Jahana Sherin K
24 20maengs26 Anna F Kakkassery
25 20maengs27 Anna Sanoba Sabu
26 20maengs28 Anwesa Nanda
27 20maengs29 Deepthi Dinesh
28 20maengs31 Anju E
29 20maengs34 Amarendra Mohanty
30 20maengs35 Nandana Shaji
31 20maengs36 Hanna Binu Paul
32 20maengs37 Shivi
33 20maengs38 Rakia Said Khili

 

 

  • Celebrating Teachers' Day in the Department: September 5, 2019


  • English Literary Society Activity:  'Poetry Recitation and Discussion Session' on August 30, 2019.


  • Inaugural Event of English Literary Society on May 27, 2019

 

 Participation of students in outreach activities:

                              

 

Student Name

Activity

Event

Ankit Kumar Sharma

Kite Flying

Foundation Week CUPB

Ankit Kumar Sharma

Photography Competition

Foundation Week CUPB

Anusha Hegde

Sang a Kannada Vachana on Matribhasha Diwas (Mother Language Day) celebrations-2022

Foundation Week of CUP

Anusha Hegde

Participated in Declamation Competition

Foundation Week of CUP

Anusha Hegde

Participated in Oration Competition

Foundation Week of CUP

Anusha Hegde

Participated in Solo Song Competition

Foundation Day 2022

Anusha Hegde

Sang University Anthem and National Anthem

University Choir on 13th Foundation Day

Suraj Soni

Kite Flying

Foundation Week of CUP

Suraj Soni

Participated in Photography Competition

Foundation Week of CUP

Bageshree Ramdas Bageshwar

Recitation of a Marathi poem on Matribhasha Diwas (

Matribhasa Divas

Zaffar Iqbal

Presented mother tongue

Matribhasa Divas

Subhechha Soumyadarsini Das

Participated in Poster Making Competition

Matribhasa Divas

Subhechha Soumyadarsini Das

Participated in Declamation Competition

Foundation Week of CUP

Sachin Rusetra

World AIDS day, Poster making competition

Foundation Week of CUP

Mamta Mehrania

Participated in Photography Competition

Foundation Week of CUP

Anusha Hegde

Delivered speech on "Self Reliance with Integrity"

Vigilance Awareness Week,

Anusha Hegde

Participated in Awareness Walk

Vigilance Awareness Week, at CUP

Vaidehi Rajagopalan

Participated in Yoga Asana competition conducted as a part

International Yoga day by NSS

Zaffar Iqbal

Participation and certified in Poster making competition on

World AIDS Day

Grants

Our faculty members have been recipients of research grants for the ICSSR, UGC, and the British Council. 

Currently, we are working on RSM (Research Seed Money) funded research projects as given below:

 

  1. Dr. Shahila Zafar: 'An assessment of Academic writing needs of tertiary level students in Punjab' (Rs. 1,50,00)
  2. Dr. Vipan Pal: 'The Postcolonial Adorno' (Rs. 1,45,000)
  3. Dr. Prithvi Raj: 'Preservation and Documentation of Bagri Folk Tales' (Rs. 1,45,000)

Seminar/Symposia

 

    1. The Department of English organised a International Conference 'Narratives of Nation: Contemporary Literary Cultural and Theoretical Debates' between 24-25 March 2022. During the inaugural session, Prof. Martin Puchner from Harvard University shared his views on "Narratives of the Nation" and "How Literature Shaped History". He stated that a Nation is an imaginary concept and it needs additional tools to keep its people together. Two-day international conference on the theme "Narratives of the Nation: Contemporary Literary, Cultural, and Theoretical Debates"


      On the second day, Prof. Dhananjay Singh from Jawaharlal Nehru University delivered a talk on "Nation and Darshan in Thought and Tradition". He understood nation as a substance, an attribute and a perspective derived from Bharata's Nātyaśastra. Prof. Singh reiterated that there is a need to come away from the colonial idea of nation state, since India stems as a community from the idea of the Self.

       

    2. An interactive session organised by Department of English with Dr. Tariq Khan (CIIL Mysore) on 06 May 2022. Dr. Khan talked about the possibilities and opportunities of Translation Studies in India.

       

       
    3. Online lectures series from 10-24, February 2021, on:
        1. ‘Academic Writing’,
        2. ‘Career Paths After MA English’
        3. ‘Language Hygiene

      The resource person for these lectures was Prof. Deepti Gupta, former Chairperson, Department of English and Cultural Studies, Punjab University, who successfully explained the nuances, challenges, and strategies to build a career in English and the fundamentals of academic writing. She also responded to the questions of students.
        

    4. An online lecture on ‘Jacques Lacan and the Literary Dimensions of Psychoanalysis’ on February 3, 2021. The resource person for this lecture was Prof. Santanu Biswas, Department of English, Jadavpur University. Prof. Biswas raised central concerns and contemporary theoretical issues in the application of psychoanalysis in literary studies. The lecture was followed by a question-answer session.

    5. The Department of English in collaboration with the Teaching Learning Centre at the University conducted a One-Week National Workshop on ‘Teaching Poetry: Pedagogical Challenges and Prospects’ for College and University faculties, under PMMMNMTT, MHRD, Govt. of India, from 18th March to 22 March 2019.

        

    6. Invited Lecture by Professor Rana Nayar, Panjab University, Chandigarh on February 11, 2020 on "How to Read a Text."
    7. Special lecture by Prof. Rabinder Powar (Department of English, Punjabi University, Patiala) on 'Literary Theory and Criticism' on  November 7, 2019
    8. Invited Lecture by Professor Harjeet Singh Gill, Professor Emeritus, JNU, New Delhi and Professor of Eminence, Punjabi University, Patiala on March 15, 2019, on "Semiotics of Literary Discourse."
    9. Invited lecture on "Print Culture and the Emergence of Early Novels in Malayalam" by Dr. Ashokan Nambiar C (Visiting Fellow at King's India Institute, King's College London) held on January 25, 2019.
    10. First Batch of MA English students receiving their degrees during Convocation, 2018

      http://www.cup.ac.in/dept_english/images/convocation.jpg

Alumni

Our alumni are actively engaged in their professional communities in the fields of publishing, journalism, teaching, and research as content writers, editors, assistant professors, school teachers, and research associates. The Department of English has an Alumni Group of all postgraduate and PhD students who have studied in the department. The Group maintains a WhatsApp group through which the members are in touch with the department. They wholeheartedly participate in the programmes conducted by the department. All our alumni are also a part of the Alumni Association of CUPB maintained by the University.

                           Batch 2020-22 Alumni
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 20maengs01 Alen Rose
2 20maengs02 Treesa John
3 20maengs03 Mohammed Muneer C
4 20maengs04 Vaidehi Rajagopalan
5 20maengs05 Shruti Shreya
6 20maengs06 Sachin Rusetra
7 20maengs07 Muhammed Subair V
8 20maengs08 Navita Baraik
9 20maengs09 Radhika N
10 20maengs10 Robin Singh
11 20maengs11 Zaffar Iqbal
12 20maengs12 Thamanna Sunil S
13 20maengs13 Sweta S Kumar
14 20maengs14 Subhechha Soumyadarsini Das
15 20maengs16 Alakananda P K
16 20maengs17 Amisha Arora
17 20maengs18 Salim Ali U
18 20maengs20 Sajeet Mathai
19 20maengs21 Jasna Mol VP
20 20maengs22 Jyoti Chauhan
21 20maengs23 K N Anjana
22 20maengs24 Longkumar Tisso
23 20maengs25 Jahana Sherin K
24 20maengs26 Anna F Kakkassery
25 20maengs27 Anna Sanoba Sabu
26 20maengs28 Anwesa Nanda
27 20maengs29 Deepthi Dinesh
28 20maengs31 Anju E
29 20maengs34 Amarendra Mohanty
30 20maengs35 Nandana Shaji
31 20maengs36 Hanna Binu Paul
32 20maengs37 Shivi
33 20maengs38 Rakia Said Khili

 

Batch 2019-21
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 19maengs02 Sarath M N
2 19maengs03 Jaideep Singh
3 19maengs04 S Shilpa
4 19maengs05 Raghav Baraily
5 19maengs06 Pratheeksha K
6 19maengs07 Aiswarya Suresh kumar
7 19maengs08 George Cyril
8 19maengs09 Beauty
9 19maengs10 Ammu Unnikrishnan
10 19maengs11 Sreelakshmi N
11 19maengs13 RISVANA.N.k
12 19maengs14 Dosa Maheswari
13 19maengs16 Gokul Biju
14 19maengs17 Subham Boroo
15 19maengs18 Siddhu Tv
16 19maengs19 Prabhjapan Kaur
17 19maengs20 Jahnu Deori
18 19maengs21 Arlin Siblina
19 19maengs22 Baldeep Singh
20 19maengs23 Mubashir K
21 19maengs25 Sonalin Swain
22 19maengs26 Alisha Sarangi
23 19maengs27 Poonam Kanwar
Batch 2018-20
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 18maengs01 Arolina Bhubaneswari
2 18maengs02 Yasir Ahmed
3 18maengs03 Ali Asqar. M
4 18maengs04 Rahul Soni S
5 18maengs05 Abhisek Panda
6 18maengs06 Don Joseph
7 18maengs08 Roniya Jose
8 18maengs09 Yogita Malhotra
9 18maengs10 Savan Kumar
10 18maengs12 Gurjeet Singh
11 18maengs13 Amalroshan. P
12 18maengs14 Lukesh Kalita
13 18maengs15 Moksha Shridhar
14 18maengs16 Muhammed Suhail. P
15 18maengs18 Simran Preet Kaur
16 18maengs19 Ajaz Ahmed
17 18maengs20 Harris Thomas
19 18maengs21 Krishnendhu S Nair
19 18maengs22 Rahul Doley
20 18maengs23 Vinitha R
Batch 2017-19
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 17maengs02 Vrindha. P.J.
2 17maengs04 Anagha Adipparuthiyil
3 17maengs05 Anaswara Divakaran
4 17maengs07 Megha Khanna
5 17maengs08 Dhanish Asim
6 17maengs10 Kishan Lal
7 17maengs11 Ganesh Krishna
8 17maengs13 Suchismita Sur
9 17maengs15 Diwakar Kumar Dev
10 17maengs16 Sukhveer Kaur
11 17maengs17 Sugandha Jha
12 17maengs18 Satyam Tiwari
13 17maengs21 Pallabita Roy Choudhury
14 17maengs22 Sourav Rajhans
15 17maengs23 Pius Poulose E.
Batch 2016-18
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 16maengs01 Vinoy. K.V
2 16maengs02 Rupal
3 16maengs03 Padma Kalyani Mohapatra
4 16maengs04 Divya P Poulose
5 16maengs05 Harpreet Singh
6 16maengs07 Fameel. P.K
7 16maengs09 Susmita Mohanta
8 16maengs11 Rakhi Krishna S
9 16maengs12 Aiswarya John
10 16maengs13 Manjit Kaur
Batch 2015-17
Sr. No.  Registration No. Name
1 15maengs02 Ramandeep Kaur
2 15maengs04 Amandeep Kaur
3 15maengs05 Manpreet Kaur

Curriculum Development Committee (CDC)

 

Notifications

 

 

 

Meetings of Meetings

 

Innovation 

Remedial Course in English

Classes are held twice a week for students across the university, focussing on helping students enhance their proficiency in English

Academic Mentorship Programme

Each PhD student has been assigned 4-5 MA students whom they meet once a week for mentoring them on academic matters, especially project work and dissertation writing.

 

Department magazine the Ornate Circle

 The Editorial Board, comprising MA and PhD students, is working on the first edition of the magazine, which is receiving submissions from students from all department.

 

English Literary Society

      

"Reading session on Manto" organised by English Literary Society to commemorate the birth anniversary of Saadat Hasan Manto.

 

     

First Annual English Literature Festival on the theme of The Magical World of Harry Potter

   

 First Annual English Literature Festival on the theme of The Magical World of Harry Potter Report 

Participation of students in cultural Sports Literary NSS NCC related activities

Book Club
Department of English
The club has initiated two meetings. The minutes of the meetings are as follows:

1st Meeting of the Book Club:
The first meeting of the Book Club was held on 16th September 2022. It was an introductory meeting. Rishabh, MA English student, explained how the club is going to initiate reading of literature is beneficial. The club will undertake the reading of novels, short stories, poems, dramas, etc. The club members decided on a strategy concerned with putting things on the ground.   The club members decided that the next meeting will be held on 22nd September 2022.

2nd Meeting of the Book Club:

The second meeting of the book club was held on 22nd September 2022. All the members came with some books or short stories to decide the agenda of further discussions. Ayushi suggested The Box Social by James Reaney (1994) and The Veldt by Ray Bradbury (1950); Rinsha suggested An Era of Darkness by Shashi Tharoor. To build up the base of the club, and keeping in mind that it was the first discussion, the members mutually agreed upon The Box social by James Reaney (1994). All the members decided to come up with something unique which is beneficial for everyone.